1. How did the Nazi Regime attempt to win the loyalty of its workers? Define the following:
a. Strength Through Joy program: Gave german people cheap theater and cinema tickets, and organized courses and trips and sports events. Workers were offered cut-price cruises on the latest luxury liners.
b. Volkswagen Beetle (the people's car): "the people's car". Was seen as a symbol of the prosperous new germany.
c. Beauty of Labor movement: This improved working conditions in factories. It introduced features not seen in many workplaces before, such as washing facilities and low cost canteens.
2. Define the following Farming Programs. Be sure to provide the pros and cons of each program:
a. Reich Food Estate: This set up central boards to buy agricultural produce from the farmers and distributed it to markets across germany. This ensured that peasants would stay in their land.
b. Reich Entailed Farm Law: It gave peasants state protection for their farms.
3. Define Volksgemeinschaft. (Hint: It is in the reading, plus my notes)-a national community. Everyone in germany was equal.
Thursday, April 7, 2011
Thursday, March 31, 2011
Treatment of Women in Nazi Germany
Using the green book or the reading that is in your shared file, "Women in Nazi Germany, " complete the focus task on page 211 (2nd page) that involves an assessment of the Nazis treatment of women.
"Nazi policy for women was confused"- This statement is correct to an extent. Yes the policy for women was confusing because the women were only seen as supporting her husband, she wore no trousers, and had no job except to keep the family in order and have babies. But, in the late 1930's the Nazis had to do an about turn as they suddenly needed more women workers because the supply of unemployed men was drying up. Women had to work and also have the responsibility of taking care of a family. I agree with this statement only to an extent because there were actual rules which made the policy for women not confusing but it got confusing when there was a turn about because there weren't enough workers.
"Nazi policy for women was a failure"- I completely agree with this statement because the Nazis tried to make the women only have house jobs and not real jobs making it so only men could work. There was a significant increase of population because women were encouraged to have up to 8 children! Since there was such an increase in population people needed more jobs and since only men had the jobs, there weren't enough. Women eventually had to work because there needed to be supplies to buy.
"Nazi policy for women was confused"- This statement is correct to an extent. Yes the policy for women was confusing because the women were only seen as supporting her husband, she wore no trousers, and had no job except to keep the family in order and have babies. But, in the late 1930's the Nazis had to do an about turn as they suddenly needed more women workers because the supply of unemployed men was drying up. Women had to work and also have the responsibility of taking care of a family. I agree with this statement only to an extent because there were actual rules which made the policy for women not confusing but it got confusing when there was a turn about because there weren't enough workers.
"Nazi policy for women was a failure"- I completely agree with this statement because the Nazis tried to make the women only have house jobs and not real jobs making it so only men could work. There was a significant increase of population because women were encouraged to have up to 8 children! Since there was such an increase in population people needed more jobs and since only men had the jobs, there weren't enough. Women eventually had to work because there needed to be supplies to buy.
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
Nazi Youth Policies and Education Assessment
1. The Nazis were successful in winning over the youth. The Nazis wanted to control the young people because they were vulnerable and they could retain knowledge. Source 31 is Hitler speaking saying that he wants the boys and girls to learn leadership. The young people didn't question authority and were obedient towards the teachers. They knew not to act out and not agree with the Nazi's because there were consequences. The Nazis were successful in winning over the youth because they begin when the child is three years old and right when he begins to think he is made to carry the flag. Then he goes to school, the Hitler Youth, the storm troopers and the military training on source 28. The Nazis and Hitler did not fool around when they wanted the children to start school and learn about the Nazis.
The Nazis set about successfully winning over the youth by education. Since children would learn from books in school the Nazis replaces all of the books to Nazi books so that the children learned about Nazis and Hitler. The math problems would be about jews, to promote propaganda, showing how great the Nazi party was, source 29. All subjects, German, History, Geography, Chemistry,and Mathematics concentrated on military subjects, the glorification of military service and of German heros and leaders and the strength of a rebuilt Germany, according to source 32. Making all of these subjects subject to the Nazis and Hitler made the children really believe that Hitler was the answer and they believed in him because they learned about these subjects all of the time.
The youth were attracted to the movements because they had a set schedule and couldn't be disobedient. Source 33 is a typical day at a labour camp and they had the same schedule everyday and there would be a great amount of militarism. On source 34 this german described his feelings after the Hitler Youth rally. He remembered that Hitler counted on them and he knew that Hitler looked into his eyes. He felt a great pride when Hitler was talking and looking into his eyes. The youth being away from their parents let them have some freedom and express who they wanted to be according to source 35 which is why the Nazis were successful in winning over the youth at the attractions because the youth wanted to be their and wanted Hitler to recognize them.
2. On the other hand there were many young people who rejected the Nazi Youth movements. For example, children might well feel slightly alienated from their parents because they are not as keen on the Nazis as the others are. They expect your first loyalty to be your family, whereas your Hitler Youth leader makes it clear that your first should be Adolf Hitler. The Youth felt like they had no rights and were being pushed around by the older Nazis running the camps. Source 38 is a picture of children being able to distrust jews which some parents didn't want their children to be learning. Some parents weren't even keen on Hitler and they didn't agree with what he was doing. Some parents wouldn't pay for the youth camps which meant that the children could not attend. Some parents pulled out their children making the children decrease over time.
The Nazis set about successfully winning over the youth by education. Since children would learn from books in school the Nazis replaces all of the books to Nazi books so that the children learned about Nazis and Hitler. The math problems would be about jews, to promote propaganda, showing how great the Nazi party was, source 29. All subjects, German, History, Geography, Chemistry,and Mathematics concentrated on military subjects, the glorification of military service and of German heros and leaders and the strength of a rebuilt Germany, according to source 32. Making all of these subjects subject to the Nazis and Hitler made the children really believe that Hitler was the answer and they believed in him because they learned about these subjects all of the time.
The youth were attracted to the movements because they had a set schedule and couldn't be disobedient. Source 33 is a typical day at a labour camp and they had the same schedule everyday and there would be a great amount of militarism. On source 34 this german described his feelings after the Hitler Youth rally. He remembered that Hitler counted on them and he knew that Hitler looked into his eyes. He felt a great pride when Hitler was talking and looking into his eyes. The youth being away from their parents let them have some freedom and express who they wanted to be according to source 35 which is why the Nazis were successful in winning over the youth at the attractions because the youth wanted to be their and wanted Hitler to recognize them.
2. On the other hand there were many young people who rejected the Nazi Youth movements. For example, children might well feel slightly alienated from their parents because they are not as keen on the Nazis as the others are. They expect your first loyalty to be your family, whereas your Hitler Youth leader makes it clear that your first should be Adolf Hitler. The Youth felt like they had no rights and were being pushed around by the older Nazis running the camps. Source 38 is a picture of children being able to distrust jews which some parents didn't want their children to be learning. Some parents weren't even keen on Hitler and they didn't agree with what he was doing. Some parents wouldn't pay for the youth camps which meant that the children could not attend. Some parents pulled out their children making the children decrease over time.
Monday, March 28, 2011
Was Nazi youth policy successful?
1. a) The children are really happy in source 14.35. They don't see anything or believe in anything else then their Hitler. They want their parents to be good Nazis and the children's parents cannot forbid the child to do what all children are doing and cannot refuse him the uniform.
b) The children demand that their parents become good nazis. They parents cannot forbid the child to do what all children are doing and cannot refuse him the uniform which is the child's job. Youth favors the novelty, the drill, the uniform, the camp life, and the face that school and the parental home take a back seat compared to the community. Since the youth people are more easily influences in terms of mood than adults this made getting them on Hitler's side very easy. Youth people were made large promises which for the most part were incapable of fulfillment. They wanted to work but felt irritated by the lack of freedom.
c) Parents were scared for their children. They answered yes many times simply because they were afraid of avowed opponents. Children felt forced and things were changing. There was a sharp decline in participation at Hitler Youth events. Many had resigned their membership and membership due were frequently unpaid. Source 134.38 shows that the little child is being forced by the older army members and he has a gun to his head showing that he has no control.
d) Source 14.24 is a former german student. He says that he never even read Mein Kampf and neither did anyone else in his class. He said that they were supposed to respond "yes sir" which men't that they were naturally obedient, They were supposed to answer like this so they had to out of fear.
e) Hitlers camps were supposed to create enthusiasm, but among working class youths one can ear much criticism. There was continuous force feeding of national socialism and that had the same effect as the heavy emphasis on religious instruction in earlier decades, Parents were scared to answer if they were against hitler so they said yes that they weren't out of fear. Teachers tried everything in order to force children into the hitler youth. Teachers enquired whether or not ones father is a party member or is in the SA or which newspapers are read at home.
f) 14.36, .37, and .39 are all criticism of the youth policies. Children didn't feel safe and parents were scared. Youth was influenced more then older people and the Nazis pushed Hitler on the youth to much which made them change their views. The youth was more questionable because they were being influenced but at home there was a different story. The children had no control and this made them question authority. They didn't even read mein kampf and the children only answered because they were supposed to. They had no idea what they were learning but they knew that they should support Hitler.
2. Yes, the sourced suggest that youth people's reactions to the Nazis changed over time. They were constantly being told what to do in school in the beginning and understood that they should be learning that Hitler is the best but at home they were learning a different story. Children started dropping out of the Hitler youth camps because they didn't have any freedom. They weren't learning in school and shortly started not reading the Mein Kampf book.
3. These two types of sources are not that reliable. German opposition would want to make the germans look bad and that the nazi police were taking over. And the police would want to make the nazis look good and that everything that they wanted to work did work. Both of these sources have different views which would make the sources not that reliable because both of these sources would want to make the other look bad.
4. I believe that the Nazi youth policy was very effective in the beginning. They had alot of support from the children because they were just learning about this. They had taken out all other textbooks and changed everything that had to do with something other then hitler to hitler and the nazis. The children were listening and there were so many of them attending the hitler youth events. But, over time the children obviously would start to realize that this was wrong. Parents would talk at home and children would want freedom. Sooner or later this was bound to come to an end. Hitlers youth events started having less and less people come and children were dropping out. Parents were frightened which made the parents realize that this wasn't best. Children weren't even reading the Mein Kampf book. Teachers had no authority over the children because they could future out how to =force the children into the Hitler Youth.
The sourced on page 290-291 support me as well. The sources say that it was a success in the beginning and many schools supported it but it was varied greatly from school to school and depended a great deal on individual teachers and principals. 95% of the german youth backed the nazis or at least hitler and the opposition for the most part remained vague and diffuse. Many nazis boys and women were in the training and they agreed that this was the best way to show that they supported Hitler . Even though parents were scared to put down their actual views on paper this shows that they were nervous about the consequences showing that the youth policies weren't that effective.
b) The children demand that their parents become good nazis. They parents cannot forbid the child to do what all children are doing and cannot refuse him the uniform which is the child's job. Youth favors the novelty, the drill, the uniform, the camp life, and the face that school and the parental home take a back seat compared to the community. Since the youth people are more easily influences in terms of mood than adults this made getting them on Hitler's side very easy. Youth people were made large promises which for the most part were incapable of fulfillment. They wanted to work but felt irritated by the lack of freedom.
c) Parents were scared for their children. They answered yes many times simply because they were afraid of avowed opponents. Children felt forced and things were changing. There was a sharp decline in participation at Hitler Youth events. Many had resigned their membership and membership due were frequently unpaid. Source 134.38 shows that the little child is being forced by the older army members and he has a gun to his head showing that he has no control.
d) Source 14.24 is a former german student. He says that he never even read Mein Kampf and neither did anyone else in his class. He said that they were supposed to respond "yes sir" which men't that they were naturally obedient, They were supposed to answer like this so they had to out of fear.
e) Hitlers camps were supposed to create enthusiasm, but among working class youths one can ear much criticism. There was continuous force feeding of national socialism and that had the same effect as the heavy emphasis on religious instruction in earlier decades, Parents were scared to answer if they were against hitler so they said yes that they weren't out of fear. Teachers tried everything in order to force children into the hitler youth. Teachers enquired whether or not ones father is a party member or is in the SA or which newspapers are read at home.
f) 14.36, .37, and .39 are all criticism of the youth policies. Children didn't feel safe and parents were scared. Youth was influenced more then older people and the Nazis pushed Hitler on the youth to much which made them change their views. The youth was more questionable because they were being influenced but at home there was a different story. The children had no control and this made them question authority. They didn't even read mein kampf and the children only answered because they were supposed to. They had no idea what they were learning but they knew that they should support Hitler.
2. Yes, the sourced suggest that youth people's reactions to the Nazis changed over time. They were constantly being told what to do in school in the beginning and understood that they should be learning that Hitler is the best but at home they were learning a different story. Children started dropping out of the Hitler youth camps because they didn't have any freedom. They weren't learning in school and shortly started not reading the Mein Kampf book.
3. These two types of sources are not that reliable. German opposition would want to make the germans look bad and that the nazi police were taking over. And the police would want to make the nazis look good and that everything that they wanted to work did work. Both of these sources have different views which would make the sources not that reliable because both of these sources would want to make the other look bad.
4. I believe that the Nazi youth policy was very effective in the beginning. They had alot of support from the children because they were just learning about this. They had taken out all other textbooks and changed everything that had to do with something other then hitler to hitler and the nazis. The children were listening and there were so many of them attending the hitler youth events. But, over time the children obviously would start to realize that this was wrong. Parents would talk at home and children would want freedom. Sooner or later this was bound to come to an end. Hitlers youth events started having less and less people come and children were dropping out. Parents were frightened which made the parents realize that this wasn't best. Children weren't even reading the Mein Kampf book. Teachers had no authority over the children because they could future out how to =force the children into the Hitler Youth.
The sourced on page 290-291 support me as well. The sources say that it was a success in the beginning and many schools supported it but it was varied greatly from school to school and depended a great deal on individual teachers and principals. 95% of the german youth backed the nazis or at least hitler and the opposition for the most part remained vague and diffuse. Many nazis boys and women were in the training and they agreed that this was the best way to show that they supported Hitler . Even though parents were scared to put down their actual views on paper this shows that they were nervous about the consequences showing that the youth policies weren't that effective.
Friday, March 25, 2011
Nazi Education Policies
1. Identify three important changes made by the Nazis to the education system. Explain the purpose of each change.
A. "education and instruction"- this is one important change made by the nazis because this was a official manual for teachers. The purpose of the schools is to train human beings to realize that the state is more important than the individual, that individuals must be willing and ready to sacrifice themselves for the nation and the fuhrer.
B. co-ordination teachers and encouraging local nazi officials to interfere in schools. Nazis were able to go into schools and take over and remove teachers of their duties if they looked like they didn't support nazism
C. Changing the curriculum. Nazis ideas were incorporated into subjects, particularly biology and history. Religious education was downgraded and eventually replaces. New textbooks were produced reflecting nazi values.
2. Give specific examples of how the Nazis tried in schools to develop the spirit of Volksgemeinschaft in the following seven goals:
Anti-intellectualism: healthy bodies. They made physical activity part of the curriculum.
Anti-semitism: they made sure that every individual must be willing and ready to sacrifice themselves for the nation.
Indifference to the weak: There were co educational schools to ensure the different sexes received their appropriate education. Girls took needle work and music, not latin, then language and home crafts to become good homemakers and mothers.
Nationalism: Local nazi officials kept records on individual teachers, and those who were insufficiently committed to national socialism would be dismissed.
Militarism:Some new schools to train the future Nazi elite were created. There were youth leader schirach formed and 12 to 18 year olds went their of physical appearance and leadership potential.
Obedience and discipline: Once the students were forced to join the nazi controlled german students league they were to be obedient for the sake of Hitler. If they weren't obedient they were none to be not loyal to hitler.
Hitler Worship: Students all studied Hitler. In math they were showed that he helped people. He was shown as being better then the rest and that they were to be loyal towards him. They learned about him in school everyday making it so that they elarned more about him every day making them worship him.
3. What methods did the Nazis use to try to ensure schools were teaching correctly? (This is from Friday's in-class work.)
Naiz used methods like checking in on teachers backgrounds, checking teachers as they teach, changing textbooks to try to ensure schools were teaching correctly. They changed everything and took things out of the classroom that would make the students not believe in Hitler. They changed the textbooks to make sure that everything was about hitler and nazis like history, math problems.
4. Write out a statement that explains the main educational aims of the Nazi Education System. (Reference some of the sources.)
"The main educational aims of the Nazi Education System is to ensure that students understand that our Fuhrer and the Nation is the best. They are to realize this through reading, physical activity, camps, and militarism. Children will have no doubt that our Fuhrer is the best for our Nation."
A. "education and instruction"- this is one important change made by the nazis because this was a official manual for teachers. The purpose of the schools is to train human beings to realize that the state is more important than the individual, that individuals must be willing and ready to sacrifice themselves for the nation and the fuhrer.
B. co-ordination teachers and encouraging local nazi officials to interfere in schools. Nazis were able to go into schools and take over and remove teachers of their duties if they looked like they didn't support nazism
C. Changing the curriculum. Nazis ideas were incorporated into subjects, particularly biology and history. Religious education was downgraded and eventually replaces. New textbooks were produced reflecting nazi values.
2. Give specific examples of how the Nazis tried in schools to develop the spirit of Volksgemeinschaft in the following seven goals:
Anti-intellectualism: healthy bodies. They made physical activity part of the curriculum.
Anti-semitism: they made sure that every individual must be willing and ready to sacrifice themselves for the nation.
Indifference to the weak: There were co educational schools to ensure the different sexes received their appropriate education. Girls took needle work and music, not latin, then language and home crafts to become good homemakers and mothers.
Nationalism: Local nazi officials kept records on individual teachers, and those who were insufficiently committed to national socialism would be dismissed.
Militarism:Some new schools to train the future Nazi elite were created. There were youth leader schirach formed and 12 to 18 year olds went their of physical appearance and leadership potential.
Obedience and discipline: Once the students were forced to join the nazi controlled german students league they were to be obedient for the sake of Hitler. If they weren't obedient they were none to be not loyal to hitler.
Hitler Worship: Students all studied Hitler. In math they were showed that he helped people. He was shown as being better then the rest and that they were to be loyal towards him. They learned about him in school everyday making it so that they elarned more about him every day making them worship him.
3. What methods did the Nazis use to try to ensure schools were teaching correctly? (This is from Friday's in-class work.)
Naiz used methods like checking in on teachers backgrounds, checking teachers as they teach, changing textbooks to try to ensure schools were teaching correctly. They changed everything and took things out of the classroom that would make the students not believe in Hitler. They changed the textbooks to make sure that everything was about hitler and nazis like history, math problems.
4. Write out a statement that explains the main educational aims of the Nazi Education System. (Reference some of the sources.)
"The main educational aims of the Nazi Education System is to ensure that students understand that our Fuhrer and the Nation is the best. They are to realize this through reading, physical activity, camps, and militarism. Children will have no doubt that our Fuhrer is the best for our Nation."
Tuesday, March 22, 2011
Nazi Rule in Germany
1. Study document A in Chapter 3. Make a detailed list of the kinds of people who were likely to be arrested as "Enemies of the State" in Nazi Germany.
-people who would commit crimes
-people who were about to commit crimes
-people who were a threat to Hitler
-people who were "work shy"
-people who refused military service
-homosexuals
-professional criminals
2. Provide detailed notes on the following sub-topics in Chapter 4 (Jews in Nazi Germany)
-The people who suffered the most under Nazi rule were the Jews. Since Hitler hated them most of the people who supported Hitler didn't like them either. They were forbidden in some towns and from alot of places like stores. They were seperated on busses and had to wear a jewish start on them which indicated they were a jew. One day a Nazi official was shot dead by a Jew and Hitler was furious! Hitler ordered Himmler, the SS leader, to bein a week of terror against the jewish population which was called the night of broken glass. Jewish shop keepers had their shop windows smashed and the contented looted. Jewish people were not happy when their houses were caught on fire. The jewish people were forced to get down on their hands and knees to clean streets with scrubbing brushes. This was a really bad part of life for the jews and many were trying to flee.
Hitler's anti-Semitic ideas
The dismissal of Jews from jobs, 1933
The Nuremberg Laws, 1935
The "Night of Broken Glass",
1938 Violence against Jews
3. Why do you think Hitler and the Nazis put so much effort into organizing the lives of young people? (Chapter 5)
I believe that Hitler and the Nazis put so much effort into the youth is because they wanted to make sure they were loyal to him and the nazi party. Hitler wanted the youth to be loyal to him so he put the nazis in gold in their textbooks and they were taught in the class room. This was a form of propaganda because it was making the children think that the nazis and hitler were the best party. He wanted the children to be loyal to him because there were so many of them and if they were loyal at first they would never become un loyal. He wanted to train the children to become like the military for future reference. Hitler was very involved with the youth by bringing them to sports and gymnastics and teaching them how to read maps. These camps were taken very seriously for example a ten year old boy was shot who could not remember the password which put fear into the children making them not want to rebel.
4. Study the photographs carefully in Chapter 5. Then, using the information and evidence you have read about young people, write a diary of one day in a Hitler Youth camp.
"Today was a rough day. I had to travel 12 miles in a march without food or water or a break. I know that I need to be strong in order to be a model in Hitler's eyes which is swift, tough and very hard. I want to be this but the conditions are hard. I don't like getting up at 2 in the morning, in the open air, and doing PT exercises during the winter. Someone got very sick today but still had to march. They got sent to the Hospital and I don't think that he is coming back. I want to be what Hitler wants me to be so I am going to keep trying harder and harder each day."
5. What effect did "the three Ks" have upon women. (Chapter 6)
"The three ks" had a great effect on women and not in a good way. The three ks meant children, church and cooking. The Nazi wanted women to have as many children as they could and they would reward them on how many children they had. Make up was looked down upon and jobs were taken from these women. They were only meant to cook clean and bear children. They weren't supposed to be skinny because this meant they would not be a good child bearer. They had to go to church and one man was put in a concentration camp for speaking out against the nazis. Protestants and as well as catholic churchmen were badly treated by the nazis and women felt un wanted.
6. Study the photograph in Chapter 6 (2nd page) and read the rules of the National Reich Church. Explain in your own words the kind of religion which the Nazis wanted Germans to follow.
Nazis wanted Germans to follow the religion that the nazis wanted. There would be no more bibles, crosses, or religious symbols. In churches there could only be Mein Kampf and a sword on the left of this. All other relgiions were not treated as good. The pictures shows that this religion was to be practices by all and all german citizens should appreciate what the nazis were giving the people.
7. How did Hitler address the massive unemployment situation in Germany when he came to power? (Chapter 7)
Hitler addressed the massive unemployment situation in Germany when he went into power by making The National Labour Service. This gave men a job by putting them into housing camps and they all lived together. They got free meals and many thousands of men were happy with this even though they only got a pocket wage. Hitler wanted to make them the new military. He wanted to make the country strong, independent and self sufficient in food and materials. He set up camps for air fource and military service and men joined from all over. This gave people jobs even though they couldn't be with their family they were at least working.
8. What is the significance of the German Labor Front? (Chapter 7)
The significance of the German Labor Front was that no man could quit a job. They had to work 60-72 hours which made them have to work every day of the week and be loyal to Hitler. They were affraid to speak out due to the fear that they would get in trouble and may die. This is significant because Hitler got all of his workers from this german labour front. The men would not gain as much money and this gave hitler more money and more power.
9. In your own words, discuss the significance of the Strength through Joy program. (Chapter 8)
The significance of the strength through joy program was for the people to become better workers. Hitler believed that if people didn't know what to do in their spare time they would become frustrated so the Strength through joy program made sure that the people wouldn't have an option to become frustrated and they would become great workers. Since the KDF arranged mass outings to the theater and opera they would control what the people saw which was a great chance for propaganda for the Nazis. The KDF wanted a car that would fit the people which was the volkswagen. Since poeple were controlled this made the KDF significant because the people would not rebel.
10. Describe Dr. Joseph Goebbels propaganda and censorship tactics. What effect did they have upon the German citizen? (Chapter 9).
Dr. Joseph Goebbels propaganda and censorship tactics were made to make sure the german citizens knew that Nazism was the best. Goebbels job was to make the germans believe in nazi ideas and to be loyal to hitler and the party. He made it so the press would not print anything bad about nazis. He would make the newspapers print good things about the nazis that were eye popping towards the people which would make them support them. If there were stories that were not approved they were closed down. All the german radio stations were under gobbels control. He encouraged the people to listen to the radio by producing cheap radio sets. The mass rallies were gobbels most spectacular form of propaganda. This would draw in thousands of people which would then support hitler and the nazi party. Gobbels made alot of propaganda censored. Every kind of information and entertainment was censored. Jazz music wasnt even alot because it had its orgins aong the black people of america. Films were censored because this gave people the wrong message. This had a big affect upon the german citizens because if they were never able to see bad things about the nazi or hitler this would make them very loyal to hitler.
-people who would commit crimes
-people who were about to commit crimes
-people who were a threat to Hitler
-people who were "work shy"
-people who refused military service
-homosexuals
-professional criminals
2. Provide detailed notes on the following sub-topics in Chapter 4 (Jews in Nazi Germany)
-The people who suffered the most under Nazi rule were the Jews. Since Hitler hated them most of the people who supported Hitler didn't like them either. They were forbidden in some towns and from alot of places like stores. They were seperated on busses and had to wear a jewish start on them which indicated they were a jew. One day a Nazi official was shot dead by a Jew and Hitler was furious! Hitler ordered Himmler, the SS leader, to bein a week of terror against the jewish population which was called the night of broken glass. Jewish shop keepers had their shop windows smashed and the contented looted. Jewish people were not happy when their houses were caught on fire. The jewish people were forced to get down on their hands and knees to clean streets with scrubbing brushes. This was a really bad part of life for the jews and many were trying to flee.
Hitler's anti-Semitic ideas
The dismissal of Jews from jobs, 1933
The Nuremberg Laws, 1935
The "Night of Broken Glass",
1938 Violence against Jews
3. Why do you think Hitler and the Nazis put so much effort into organizing the lives of young people? (Chapter 5)
I believe that Hitler and the Nazis put so much effort into the youth is because they wanted to make sure they were loyal to him and the nazi party. Hitler wanted the youth to be loyal to him so he put the nazis in gold in their textbooks and they were taught in the class room. This was a form of propaganda because it was making the children think that the nazis and hitler were the best party. He wanted the children to be loyal to him because there were so many of them and if they were loyal at first they would never become un loyal. He wanted to train the children to become like the military for future reference. Hitler was very involved with the youth by bringing them to sports and gymnastics and teaching them how to read maps. These camps were taken very seriously for example a ten year old boy was shot who could not remember the password which put fear into the children making them not want to rebel.
4. Study the photographs carefully in Chapter 5. Then, using the information and evidence you have read about young people, write a diary of one day in a Hitler Youth camp.
"Today was a rough day. I had to travel 12 miles in a march without food or water or a break. I know that I need to be strong in order to be a model in Hitler's eyes which is swift, tough and very hard. I want to be this but the conditions are hard. I don't like getting up at 2 in the morning, in the open air, and doing PT exercises during the winter. Someone got very sick today but still had to march. They got sent to the Hospital and I don't think that he is coming back. I want to be what Hitler wants me to be so I am going to keep trying harder and harder each day."
5. What effect did "the three Ks" have upon women. (Chapter 6)
"The three ks" had a great effect on women and not in a good way. The three ks meant children, church and cooking. The Nazi wanted women to have as many children as they could and they would reward them on how many children they had. Make up was looked down upon and jobs were taken from these women. They were only meant to cook clean and bear children. They weren't supposed to be skinny because this meant they would not be a good child bearer. They had to go to church and one man was put in a concentration camp for speaking out against the nazis. Protestants and as well as catholic churchmen were badly treated by the nazis and women felt un wanted.
6. Study the photograph in Chapter 6 (2nd page) and read the rules of the National Reich Church. Explain in your own words the kind of religion which the Nazis wanted Germans to follow.
Nazis wanted Germans to follow the religion that the nazis wanted. There would be no more bibles, crosses, or religious symbols. In churches there could only be Mein Kampf and a sword on the left of this. All other relgiions were not treated as good. The pictures shows that this religion was to be practices by all and all german citizens should appreciate what the nazis were giving the people.
7. How did Hitler address the massive unemployment situation in Germany when he came to power? (Chapter 7)
Hitler addressed the massive unemployment situation in Germany when he went into power by making The National Labour Service. This gave men a job by putting them into housing camps and they all lived together. They got free meals and many thousands of men were happy with this even though they only got a pocket wage. Hitler wanted to make them the new military. He wanted to make the country strong, independent and self sufficient in food and materials. He set up camps for air fource and military service and men joined from all over. This gave people jobs even though they couldn't be with their family they were at least working.
8. What is the significance of the German Labor Front? (Chapter 7)
The significance of the German Labor Front was that no man could quit a job. They had to work 60-72 hours which made them have to work every day of the week and be loyal to Hitler. They were affraid to speak out due to the fear that they would get in trouble and may die. This is significant because Hitler got all of his workers from this german labour front. The men would not gain as much money and this gave hitler more money and more power.
9. In your own words, discuss the significance of the Strength through Joy program. (Chapter 8)
The significance of the strength through joy program was for the people to become better workers. Hitler believed that if people didn't know what to do in their spare time they would become frustrated so the Strength through joy program made sure that the people wouldn't have an option to become frustrated and they would become great workers. Since the KDF arranged mass outings to the theater and opera they would control what the people saw which was a great chance for propaganda for the Nazis. The KDF wanted a car that would fit the people which was the volkswagen. Since poeple were controlled this made the KDF significant because the people would not rebel.
10. Describe Dr. Joseph Goebbels propaganda and censorship tactics. What effect did they have upon the German citizen? (Chapter 9).
Dr. Joseph Goebbels propaganda and censorship tactics were made to make sure the german citizens knew that Nazism was the best. Goebbels job was to make the germans believe in nazi ideas and to be loyal to hitler and the party. He made it so the press would not print anything bad about nazis. He would make the newspapers print good things about the nazis that were eye popping towards the people which would make them support them. If there were stories that were not approved they were closed down. All the german radio stations were under gobbels control. He encouraged the people to listen to the radio by producing cheap radio sets. The mass rallies were gobbels most spectacular form of propaganda. This would draw in thousands of people which would then support hitler and the nazi party. Gobbels made alot of propaganda censored. Every kind of information and entertainment was censored. Jazz music wasnt even alot because it had its orgins aong the black people of america. Films were censored because this gave people the wrong message. This had a big affect upon the german citizens because if they were never able to see bad things about the nazi or hitler this would make them very loyal to hitler.
Saturday, March 19, 2011
How Hitler Got Away with Murder in NOLK
1. Find the sources on page 178. What reasons can you infer from each source (Sources 10.12 to 10.20) as to why Hitler got away with the Night of the Long Knives?
Source 10.12: This source shows how Hitler got away with the Night of the Long Knives because the law was passed by the reichstag saying that article 48 was going to be put into power from the president because there were threats to the state. This allowed Hitler to get his way to make it so the police could get rid of opposition.
Source 10.13: Hitler made himself not look bad because he was saying that he did what he did for the german people. He said that the state is certain for peoples deaths and nobody should worry about it unless they talk bad about hitler. He told them that he was responsible for the deaths and took action but he is the supreme judge of the german people which makes it acceptable to get away with the night of the long knives.
Source 10.14: People understood Hitlers speech and so they understood why all of these people were killed. He has paved the way for a moral renewal and elevated his standing as the cleanser of the movement all the more meaning that he knew what he was doing and he could do it.
Source 10.15: This is like propaganda because it is saying that the fuhrer, hitler, had no idea about the killing of people which made it seem like he didn't know what was happening so this made him get away with night of the long knives.
Source 10.16: The army is going to support Hitler because he feels like he is being attacked. The army will support Hitler with devotion and loyalty which makes more people support Hitler making it so that he is not the reason for the night of the long knives.
Source 10.17: People were frightened after june 30th because SA men were being jailed and killed. People were scared of Hitler and did not want to end up like the SA men so they did not do anything that would upset Hitler. Causing fear madeHitler ge t away with the Night of the Long knives because people weren't doing anything about it because they were frightened.
Source 10.18: Hindenburg, agreeing with what Hitler did, was happy and this made german citizens agree with Hitler. Hindenburg did not even like Hitler and he agreed with what Hitler was doing and gave Hitler the power to be a dictator, Hitler being in full leadership go the acceptance of Hindenburg which made what he did okay.
Source 10.19: Source 19 is Having Kaiser Wilhelm really agree with what Hitler did making it so Hitler got away with the night of the long knives. If the kaiser says that he doesn't see parties, only germans this means that Hitler was right with getting everyone who was a "commie"
Source 10.20: This is a quote from a saxon small businessmen showing that all people agree with Hitler. Hitler has support from a businessmen and this man says that Hitler has got rid of all the communists which is good and it doesn't matter that it was a mass murderer.
2. Read page 179. Why was the Night of the Long Knives so significant in Hitler's consolidation of power? (Be sure to use specific details in your answer.)
The night of the long knives was so significant in Hitler's consolidation of power because he had triumphed over both the left and the right sides. He had tamed his radicals in the SA and won the support of the elite, more crucially the army. The general's were conciliated by the weakening of the army's rival, the SA. Hitler had got support from Hindenburg making it o the SA could take suspected commies. Hitler was getting rid of his opponents so easily. When Hindenburg died Hitler took over as army general. On march 24th hitler was granted the enabling act which made him a dictator. He had so much power and he used it to his advantage to consolidate his power.
Source 10.12: This source shows how Hitler got away with the Night of the Long Knives because the law was passed by the reichstag saying that article 48 was going to be put into power from the president because there were threats to the state. This allowed Hitler to get his way to make it so the police could get rid of opposition.
Source 10.13: Hitler made himself not look bad because he was saying that he did what he did for the german people. He said that the state is certain for peoples deaths and nobody should worry about it unless they talk bad about hitler. He told them that he was responsible for the deaths and took action but he is the supreme judge of the german people which makes it acceptable to get away with the night of the long knives.
Source 10.14: People understood Hitlers speech and so they understood why all of these people were killed. He has paved the way for a moral renewal and elevated his standing as the cleanser of the movement all the more meaning that he knew what he was doing and he could do it.
Source 10.15: This is like propaganda because it is saying that the fuhrer, hitler, had no idea about the killing of people which made it seem like he didn't know what was happening so this made him get away with night of the long knives.
Source 10.16: The army is going to support Hitler because he feels like he is being attacked. The army will support Hitler with devotion and loyalty which makes more people support Hitler making it so that he is not the reason for the night of the long knives.
Source 10.17: People were frightened after june 30th because SA men were being jailed and killed. People were scared of Hitler and did not want to end up like the SA men so they did not do anything that would upset Hitler. Causing fear madeHitler ge t away with the Night of the Long knives because people weren't doing anything about it because they were frightened.
Source 10.18: Hindenburg, agreeing with what Hitler did, was happy and this made german citizens agree with Hitler. Hindenburg did not even like Hitler and he agreed with what Hitler was doing and gave Hitler the power to be a dictator, Hitler being in full leadership go the acceptance of Hindenburg which made what he did okay.
Source 10.19: Source 19 is Having Kaiser Wilhelm really agree with what Hitler did making it so Hitler got away with the night of the long knives. If the kaiser says that he doesn't see parties, only germans this means that Hitler was right with getting everyone who was a "commie"
Source 10.20: This is a quote from a saxon small businessmen showing that all people agree with Hitler. Hitler has support from a businessmen and this man says that Hitler has got rid of all the communists which is good and it doesn't matter that it was a mass murderer.
2. Read page 179. Why was the Night of the Long Knives so significant in Hitler's consolidation of power? (Be sure to use specific details in your answer.)
The night of the long knives was so significant in Hitler's consolidation of power because he had triumphed over both the left and the right sides. He had tamed his radicals in the SA and won the support of the elite, more crucially the army. The general's were conciliated by the weakening of the army's rival, the SA. Hitler had got support from Hindenburg making it o the SA could take suspected commies. Hitler was getting rid of his opponents so easily. When Hindenburg died Hitler took over as army general. On march 24th hitler was granted the enabling act which made him a dictator. He had so much power and he used it to his advantage to consolidate his power.
Tuesday, March 8, 2011
Nazi Propaganda
Read Nazi Propaganda - Aims and Methods - Part 1
Using the information and the primary sources describe: (Pgs. 245-247)
a. The chief aims of Nazi propaganda
The chief aims of nazi propaganda were to make the Nazis look good and everyone else look bad. Propaganda had been vital in winning the nazis the support that helped them get into power. Propaganda was to keep the population content and win support for particular policies. The chief aims of Nazi propaganda was to get peoples attention and make sure that the people knew that the Nazi party was the best party. Since hitler could not have organized mass meetings without a powerful propaganda machine this is were Goebbels game in. In source 13.2 Goebbels said that Propaganda is one of the sharpest weapons in conquering the state, and remains the nazis sharpest weapon in maintaining and building up the state. In source 13.3 Propaganda was invisible and pertained to every day life. The point of propaganda was to complicate ways of thinking and even the smallest man in the street may still understand. In source 13.4 Goebbels said that Propaganda must speak to all and its for the population, like workers, peasants, and middle class.
b. The means used to achieve those aims
Goebbels, the propaganda minister, used propaganda to achieve those aims by posters, "We Demand", essays, artwork, paintings, media, press, radio, film, for the means to achieve those aims of propaganda. All of these things helped the Nazis gain power because they were seen by everyone, everywhere. All of the posters were put up and hung to make Nazis look better then the rest. Goebbels helped the Nazis achieve success with all of the means used to achieve those aims of propaganda. In source 13A the message being conveyed to achieve those aims were that there would be the message in the middle, that nazis were the best party, and they would be provided through schools, youth movements, social policies, literature, architecture, sculptures, paintings, posters, film, press, radio, parades, and sports. Goebbels had means to achieve those aims in source 13.6 by saying that propaganda is responsible for the entire area of spirituality influencing the nation, through propaganda on behalf of the state, through cultural and economic propaganda and through englightening the people both at home and abroad.
c. Explain how the Nazis used the press, radio, and film as forms of propaganda. (Pgs. 247-253)
Nazis used the radio because there were a great deal of people who listened to the radio There were 7 million sets and 70% of households owned a radio making it so that nazis were always listened to. The nazis used press because the journalists, editors, publishers, were all controlled. The german press kept a register of acceptable editors and journalists and the nazis were always seen as good. Nazis owned press and started a publishing house. Also, the Nazis used films as a form of propaganda to make it that nazis were aways on film and were seen as a great party. Film was seen more as a means of relaxation than directly for explicit propaganda purposes. Propaganda for the Nazis were found everywhere which made the common people believe that the Nazi party was the right party.
d. Explain Goebbels' contribution to the creation and development of the Third Reich
Goebbels contributed to the creation and development of the Third Reich because he produced so many films that were not propaganda content. Goebbels disagreed with Hitler who wanted more directly political films and Goebbels said let pictures speak for themselves. Goebbels knew what he was doing when he was making films, posters, radio, anything to do with propaganda. He was the Propaganda minister and he helped contribute to the creation and development of the Third Reich because he had made so many films that were propaganda but hidden.
Read Nazi Propaganda - Other Methods - Part 2
e. Explain how the Nazis used the activities described on pages 254-259 as a form of propaganda.
The activities that the Nazis used were, Mass Rallies, festivals, sports, and the autobahns, as forms of propaganda. These were all used because these included people of Germany. If people of Germany saw all of these fun things happening they would ask who it was sponsored by and it would be the Nazis. In the mass rallies, bystanders would come in and see what was happening. People would be very excited to be in such a movement and would have to support the Nazis. The nazis were very smart using all of this propaganda because everything that they used made them seem so much better because the German people were actually involved. The Nazis social policies were aimed at transforming peoples consciousness far more than their social positions. This could be seen as an aspect of propaganda policies. The autobahns are considered significant architecturally as they illustrate great diversity. They are modernist functionalism and a success.
Read Nazi Propaganda - Culture - Part 3 and Part 4
f. Explain how the Third Reich used painting, sculpture and architecture for propaganda purposes (Pgs. 260-270).
The Third Reich used painting, sculptures and architecture for propaganda purposes by having festivals, Mass rallies, and speeches there. This drew people in and made sure that bystanders on the road would be able to hear and want to come in. Since the architecture was open to the public there would be people which got support. The paintings would show that Nazis were the best party and put every other party down. This drew peoples attention into the nazis and got them attention. There was a burning book ceremony and the german citizens would burn old books in order to cleanse the new germany. The nazis wanted to make germany into the new germany so they re did everything to make it that way. Everything was changed like sculptures, architecture, and paintings.
Using the information and the primary sources describe: (Pgs. 245-247)
a. The chief aims of Nazi propaganda
The chief aims of nazi propaganda were to make the Nazis look good and everyone else look bad. Propaganda had been vital in winning the nazis the support that helped them get into power. Propaganda was to keep the population content and win support for particular policies. The chief aims of Nazi propaganda was to get peoples attention and make sure that the people knew that the Nazi party was the best party. Since hitler could not have organized mass meetings without a powerful propaganda machine this is were Goebbels game in. In source 13.2 Goebbels said that Propaganda is one of the sharpest weapons in conquering the state, and remains the nazis sharpest weapon in maintaining and building up the state. In source 13.3 Propaganda was invisible and pertained to every day life. The point of propaganda was to complicate ways of thinking and even the smallest man in the street may still understand. In source 13.4 Goebbels said that Propaganda must speak to all and its for the population, like workers, peasants, and middle class.
b. The means used to achieve those aims
Goebbels, the propaganda minister, used propaganda to achieve those aims by posters, "We Demand", essays, artwork, paintings, media, press, radio, film, for the means to achieve those aims of propaganda. All of these things helped the Nazis gain power because they were seen by everyone, everywhere. All of the posters were put up and hung to make Nazis look better then the rest. Goebbels helped the Nazis achieve success with all of the means used to achieve those aims of propaganda. In source 13A the message being conveyed to achieve those aims were that there would be the message in the middle, that nazis were the best party, and they would be provided through schools, youth movements, social policies, literature, architecture, sculptures, paintings, posters, film, press, radio, parades, and sports. Goebbels had means to achieve those aims in source 13.6 by saying that propaganda is responsible for the entire area of spirituality influencing the nation, through propaganda on behalf of the state, through cultural and economic propaganda and through englightening the people both at home and abroad.
c. Explain how the Nazis used the press, radio, and film as forms of propaganda. (Pgs. 247-253)
Nazis used the radio because there were a great deal of people who listened to the radio There were 7 million sets and 70% of households owned a radio making it so that nazis were always listened to. The nazis used press because the journalists, editors, publishers, were all controlled. The german press kept a register of acceptable editors and journalists and the nazis were always seen as good. Nazis owned press and started a publishing house. Also, the Nazis used films as a form of propaganda to make it that nazis were aways on film and were seen as a great party. Film was seen more as a means of relaxation than directly for explicit propaganda purposes. Propaganda for the Nazis were found everywhere which made the common people believe that the Nazi party was the right party.
d. Explain Goebbels' contribution to the creation and development of the Third Reich
Goebbels contributed to the creation and development of the Third Reich because he produced so many films that were not propaganda content. Goebbels disagreed with Hitler who wanted more directly political films and Goebbels said let pictures speak for themselves. Goebbels knew what he was doing when he was making films, posters, radio, anything to do with propaganda. He was the Propaganda minister and he helped contribute to the creation and development of the Third Reich because he had made so many films that were propaganda but hidden.
Read Nazi Propaganda - Other Methods - Part 2
e. Explain how the Nazis used the activities described on pages 254-259 as a form of propaganda.
The activities that the Nazis used were, Mass Rallies, festivals, sports, and the autobahns, as forms of propaganda. These were all used because these included people of Germany. If people of Germany saw all of these fun things happening they would ask who it was sponsored by and it would be the Nazis. In the mass rallies, bystanders would come in and see what was happening. People would be very excited to be in such a movement and would have to support the Nazis. The nazis were very smart using all of this propaganda because everything that they used made them seem so much better because the German people were actually involved. The Nazis social policies were aimed at transforming peoples consciousness far more than their social positions. This could be seen as an aspect of propaganda policies. The autobahns are considered significant architecturally as they illustrate great diversity. They are modernist functionalism and a success.
Read Nazi Propaganda - Culture - Part 3 and Part 4
f. Explain how the Third Reich used painting, sculpture and architecture for propaganda purposes (Pgs. 260-270).
The Third Reich used painting, sculptures and architecture for propaganda purposes by having festivals, Mass rallies, and speeches there. This drew people in and made sure that bystanders on the road would be able to hear and want to come in. Since the architecture was open to the public there would be people which got support. The paintings would show that Nazis were the best party and put every other party down. This drew peoples attention into the nazis and got them attention. There was a burning book ceremony and the german citizens would burn old books in order to cleanse the new germany. The nazis wanted to make germany into the new germany so they re did everything to make it that way. Everything was changed like sculptures, architecture, and paintings.
Tuesday, March 1, 2011
How did the Depression Help the Nazis
1a. Source 37: This graph shows that unemployment is sky rocketing through the rough and that nazis want to help stop this. This is propoganda to show that since there is so much unemployment nazis need to do something which supports goebbels view.
1b. Source 38: This man wanted to become an important and powerful nazi leader which is supporting the nazis because it is showing that they have energy and have hope to win and that nazis want to be powerful. This doesnt support goebbels view because this isnt propaganda. This could be interpreted either way because this could be propoganda for other parties.
1c. Source 39: This supports Goebbels because this is showing nazis want power and they want to go against the versailles and this poster is showing that they can do it and that they are strong. This is propoganda and it can not be interpreted another way because this wants nazis to be the best.
1d. Source 40: This supports Goebbels view because this picture is helping the Nazis because the picture is of Nazis and is showing all of the people that are supporting them and all of the people wanting to listen. This could be used as either interpretation because someone could take it as all of these people hate them and they are being wrong with their views or it could be support.
1e. Source 41: This supports Goebbels view because it is showing all of the Social Democrats are mean and are shooting people to have support. This means that this is propoganda for the nazis to show that they are better then the social democrats.
1f. Source 43: This is supporting Goebbels view because this is showing the Nazis are better then the rest and the social democrats are lower then the nazis and that nazis need to be on top. This couldnt go either way because the social democrats are smaller the the nazis.
2. Source 43- support
source 40-support
source 41- support
source 39- support
Source 38- support/other
source 37- support/other
source 35- other/support
source 36- other
Scale of 1-5 with 5 being you agree fully.
3a. Score: 3 Very few people fully supported the Nazis.
Explain your score: Most people supported the Nazis. The people that were out of work and were in the depression fully supported the Nazis because they were telling them what they wanted to hear. Since people agreed on negative things it made them support the Nazis more and then the Nazis got more votes. The people were vulnerable and the SA didn't do anything about it because they didn't think that they would actually listen.
3b. Score: 4 The key factor was the economic depression. Without it, the Nazis would have remained a minority fringe party.
Explain your score: Nazis would have remained a minority fringe party if it was not for the economic depression. Everyone was happy with the way things were going before. People had jobs and families to feed and nothing was wrong so they wouldn't want to change the way that things were going. The Nazis were becoming more popular once the depression started because people were vulnerable and wanted someone to listen to to help them with their problems and this was a perfect opportunity to blame it on the jews and the november criminals and for the Nazis to take control.
3c. Score: 5 The politicians of the Weimar Republic were mainly responsible for the rise of the Nazis.
Explain your score: The politicians of the Weimar Republic were responsible for the rise of the Nazis because they did nothing to stop it. The Weimar Republic stopped meeting because nothing was getting done and they gave up. This was a perfect opportunity for the Nazis to come into power. The Weimar Republic didn't think that the people of Germany were going to listen to the Nazis but they were wrong. They had no idea that they the German population was fed up with the republic and wanted a change so that they could get out of the depression.
1b. Source 38: This man wanted to become an important and powerful nazi leader which is supporting the nazis because it is showing that they have energy and have hope to win and that nazis want to be powerful. This doesnt support goebbels view because this isnt propaganda. This could be interpreted either way because this could be propoganda for other parties.
1c. Source 39: This supports Goebbels because this is showing nazis want power and they want to go against the versailles and this poster is showing that they can do it and that they are strong. This is propoganda and it can not be interpreted another way because this wants nazis to be the best.
1d. Source 40: This supports Goebbels view because this picture is helping the Nazis because the picture is of Nazis and is showing all of the people that are supporting them and all of the people wanting to listen. This could be used as either interpretation because someone could take it as all of these people hate them and they are being wrong with their views or it could be support.
1e. Source 41: This supports Goebbels view because it is showing all of the Social Democrats are mean and are shooting people to have support. This means that this is propoganda for the nazis to show that they are better then the social democrats.
1f. Source 43: This is supporting Goebbels view because this is showing the Nazis are better then the rest and the social democrats are lower then the nazis and that nazis need to be on top. This couldnt go either way because the social democrats are smaller the the nazis.
2. Source 43- support
source 40-support
source 41- support
source 39- support
Source 38- support/other
source 37- support/other
source 35- other/support
source 36- other
Scale of 1-5 with 5 being you agree fully.
3a. Score: 3 Very few people fully supported the Nazis.
Explain your score: Most people supported the Nazis. The people that were out of work and were in the depression fully supported the Nazis because they were telling them what they wanted to hear. Since people agreed on negative things it made them support the Nazis more and then the Nazis got more votes. The people were vulnerable and the SA didn't do anything about it because they didn't think that they would actually listen.
3b. Score: 4 The key factor was the economic depression. Without it, the Nazis would have remained a minority fringe party.
Explain your score: Nazis would have remained a minority fringe party if it was not for the economic depression. Everyone was happy with the way things were going before. People had jobs and families to feed and nothing was wrong so they wouldn't want to change the way that things were going. The Nazis were becoming more popular once the depression started because people were vulnerable and wanted someone to listen to to help them with their problems and this was a perfect opportunity to blame it on the jews and the november criminals and for the Nazis to take control.
3c. Score: 5 The politicians of the Weimar Republic were mainly responsible for the rise of the Nazis.
Explain your score: The politicians of the Weimar Republic were responsible for the rise of the Nazis because they did nothing to stop it. The Weimar Republic stopped meeting because nothing was getting done and they gave up. This was a perfect opportunity for the Nazis to come into power. The Weimar Republic didn't think that the people of Germany were going to listen to the Nazis but they were wrong. They had no idea that they the German population was fed up with the republic and wanted a change so that they could get out of the depression.
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Jan. '33: Hitler is Appointed Chancellor
1. Why did Hinderburg's advisers agree to the appointment of Hitler as chancellor in January 1933?
They agreed to appoint Hitler as chancellor in January 1933 because they expected that Hitler's supporters would be transformed into the foundation of a restructed, conservative government. They argued that the Nazi leader could be tamed by surrounding him with responsible conservatice ministers.
2. Why is the term "totalitarianism" used to describe Nazi Germany?
Totalitarianism was used to describe nazi germany because Hiterl smashed political opponents of the Nazis and plaved loyal NSDAP members in jey government positions. The people who thought they could manipilate hitler were themselves pushed out of the government. Hitler extended Nazi control to all aspects of German society, including the schools, the militarym the press, the churches, and even the arts.
3. Why did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to overcome the constitutional restraints of the Weimar system?
The Enabling Law allowed Hitler to overcome the constitutional restraints of the Weimar system because the nation laws enacted by the national cabinet deviated from the consitituation so fat as they do not affect the position of the rechstag and the National Council. The power of the president remains undistrubed wich is Hitler.
4. What was the goal of Goebbels' Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda?
The Goal of Goebbels' ministry of public enlightement and propoganda was to show that naziism was good and that everyone should support it and this got the NSDAP more supporters. ]
5. How did Hitler destroy potential sources of opposition?
Hitler destroyed potential sources of opposition by purging people in his party. Since he was now in dictator ship he was able to eliminate people from the NSDAP party which he saw as a threat.
6. Which laws served as the first steps in Hitler's plan to eliminate Germany's Jewish community?
The Law for restoration of the civil services, April 7, 1933.
Because this made non-aryan descent which were jews retire. Those who had status of being a jew were to be dismissed.
They agreed to appoint Hitler as chancellor in January 1933 because they expected that Hitler's supporters would be transformed into the foundation of a restructed, conservative government. They argued that the Nazi leader could be tamed by surrounding him with responsible conservatice ministers.
2. Why is the term "totalitarianism" used to describe Nazi Germany?
Totalitarianism was used to describe nazi germany because Hiterl smashed political opponents of the Nazis and plaved loyal NSDAP members in jey government positions. The people who thought they could manipilate hitler were themselves pushed out of the government. Hitler extended Nazi control to all aspects of German society, including the schools, the militarym the press, the churches, and even the arts.
3. Why did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to overcome the constitutional restraints of the Weimar system?
The Enabling Law allowed Hitler to overcome the constitutional restraints of the Weimar system because the nation laws enacted by the national cabinet deviated from the consitituation so fat as they do not affect the position of the rechstag and the National Council. The power of the president remains undistrubed wich is Hitler.
4. What was the goal of Goebbels' Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda?
The Goal of Goebbels' ministry of public enlightement and propoganda was to show that naziism was good and that everyone should support it and this got the NSDAP more supporters. ]
5. How did Hitler destroy potential sources of opposition?
Hitler destroyed potential sources of opposition by purging people in his party. Since he was now in dictator ship he was able to eliminate people from the NSDAP party which he saw as a threat.
6. Which laws served as the first steps in Hitler's plan to eliminate Germany's Jewish community?
The Law for restoration of the civil services, April 7, 1933.
Because this made non-aryan descent which were jews retire. Those who had status of being a jew were to be dismissed.
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
The Troubled Infancy of the Weimar Republic
1. Explain why several segments of German society never accepted the legitimacy of the Weimar system.
several segments of German society never accepted the legitimacy of the Weimar system because the German's did not want to be seen as losers. They were very sad that they had signed the treaty of versailles and didn't want people to believe that they were weak. The germans soon started to blame the defeat on the Jews and the Weimar system and soon the Weimar system did not get 50% of the vote anymore.
2. How did Hitler use anti-Semitism to further his political aspirations?
Hitler used anti-semitism, or racism, to further his political aspirations because he wrote a book "my struggle" and this is when he wrote that jews were ruining the german population and this is when he really got his idea that germany should be the only population in germany.
3. How was the French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation?
The French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation because the French took over the Ruhr after germany did not make a payment. When german citizens went on strike the government printed more money to support them making them go into inflation.
4. Describe "Weimar culture" and explain why many Germans rejected its values.
The "weimar Culture: is when germany started to produce more paintings, artwork, music and some germans rejected its values because it made the freedoms for women were a challenge to their traditional, family centered values.
5. How did the conflict between the Catholic Center Party and the SPD contribute to the political crisis of the Weimar Republic?
The two parties found themselves divided by specific issues and the values underlying them. During the hyperinflation of 1923, SPD cabinet officials left the coalition government dominated by the Center Party. The SPD remained the largest party in the Reichstag but SPD representatives would not again serve as cabinet officials untill June.
6. How did the economic depression that began in 1929 create an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar Germany?
The economic depression that began in 1929 created an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar germany because the parties wanted votes. They told the people what they wanted to hear in order for them to get votes and become more powerful. This is a main reason why the nazi's became so powerful. The parties would go into the streets and organize strikes. Also, they could go into neighborhoods and attempt to become more involved.
several segments of German society never accepted the legitimacy of the Weimar system because the German's did not want to be seen as losers. They were very sad that they had signed the treaty of versailles and didn't want people to believe that they were weak. The germans soon started to blame the defeat on the Jews and the Weimar system and soon the Weimar system did not get 50% of the vote anymore.
2. How did Hitler use anti-Semitism to further his political aspirations?
Hitler used anti-semitism, or racism, to further his political aspirations because he wrote a book "my struggle" and this is when he wrote that jews were ruining the german population and this is when he really got his idea that germany should be the only population in germany.
3. How was the French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation?
The French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation because the French took over the Ruhr after germany did not make a payment. When german citizens went on strike the government printed more money to support them making them go into inflation.
4. Describe "Weimar culture" and explain why many Germans rejected its values.
The "weimar Culture: is when germany started to produce more paintings, artwork, music and some germans rejected its values because it made the freedoms for women were a challenge to their traditional, family centered values.
5. How did the conflict between the Catholic Center Party and the SPD contribute to the political crisis of the Weimar Republic?
The two parties found themselves divided by specific issues and the values underlying them. During the hyperinflation of 1923, SPD cabinet officials left the coalition government dominated by the Center Party. The SPD remained the largest party in the Reichstag but SPD representatives would not again serve as cabinet officials untill June.
6. How did the economic depression that began in 1929 create an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar Germany?
The economic depression that began in 1929 created an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar germany because the parties wanted votes. They told the people what they wanted to hear in order for them to get votes and become more powerful. This is a main reason why the nazi's became so powerful. The parties would go into the streets and organize strikes. Also, they could go into neighborhoods and attempt to become more involved.
Sunday, February 6, 2011
Unrest and the Treaty of Versailles
1. Using the information from Chapter 4, what were the threats to the new Weimar Republic? How did the Free Corps assist the government
One threat from the communists were when communists organized riots and strikes in Berlin in another attempt to seize power. The government ordered anyone seen carrying weapons to be sht on site. The Free Corps were the people who did the dirty work. The Free Corps shot over a thousand people dead. The next threat was to the Weimar Republic from the southern province of Bavaria. They shot Eisner dead when he took power. The communists argued about which of them should take his place. They took houses from the middle class people of Munich and gave them to the workers. They took food, cars, and clothing from the rich. With the help of the Free Corps, the Weimar government had put down the communist in both berlin and bacaria.
2. How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
The Germans were horrified because this was not the fair peace treaty they had expected. They had been betrayed, they said, not just by the allies but also by their own politicians who had signed the armistice in November.
3. Who were the "November Criminals"?
The november criminals were the politicians because they had stabbed germany in the back by making peace with the alies.
4. Read chapter 5. Why didn't Field Marshal von Hindenburg and the other general fight instead of having the Weimar government sign the Treaty of Versailles?
There was no other way out but to sign the treaty. To fight would be suicide. Even though the treaty tok alot away from germany, it was a suicide to actually sign the treaty so they decided not too.
5. What were the major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly to it?
Land: The treaty took a great deal of land away from Germany and gave it to her neighbours. It also cut the country into two,. Losing all this land meant losing people, factories, farms, mines. Germany lose 13.5 percent of her land, and 12.5 per cent of her population, 16 percent of her coal production, 15 percent of her faing production and 48 percent of her iron production.
Arms: The treaty said that the army was not allowed into Rhineland. It cut down the navy to six battleships and banned it from using submarines. The entire air force was scrapped.
War Guilt and repartions: Germany was guilty of starting the war. So the treaty also stated that she must pay reparations for making good the damage.
One threat from the communists were when communists organized riots and strikes in Berlin in another attempt to seize power. The government ordered anyone seen carrying weapons to be sht on site. The Free Corps were the people who did the dirty work. The Free Corps shot over a thousand people dead. The next threat was to the Weimar Republic from the southern province of Bavaria. They shot Eisner dead when he took power. The communists argued about which of them should take his place. They took houses from the middle class people of Munich and gave them to the workers. They took food, cars, and clothing from the rich. With the help of the Free Corps, the Weimar government had put down the communist in both berlin and bacaria.
2. How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
The Germans were horrified because this was not the fair peace treaty they had expected. They had been betrayed, they said, not just by the allies but also by their own politicians who had signed the armistice in November.
3. Who were the "November Criminals"?
The november criminals were the politicians because they had stabbed germany in the back by making peace with the alies.
4. Read chapter 5. Why didn't Field Marshal von Hindenburg and the other general fight instead of having the Weimar government sign the Treaty of Versailles?
There was no other way out but to sign the treaty. To fight would be suicide. Even though the treaty tok alot away from germany, it was a suicide to actually sign the treaty so they decided not too.
5. What were the major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly to it?
Land: The treaty took a great deal of land away from Germany and gave it to her neighbours. It also cut the country into two,. Losing all this land meant losing people, factories, farms, mines. Germany lose 13.5 percent of her land, and 12.5 per cent of her population, 16 percent of her coal production, 15 percent of her faing production and 48 percent of her iron production.
Arms: The treaty said that the army was not allowed into Rhineland. It cut down the navy to six battleships and banned it from using submarines. The entire air force was scrapped.
War Guilt and repartions: Germany was guilty of starting the war. So the treaty also stated that she must pay reparations for making good the damage.
Wednesday, February 2, 2011
The German Revolution
1. Using the documents in Chapter 1 as evidence, list the ways in which conditions in Germany worsened during the war.
There were demonstrations because for many people they were about the lack of food. British ships were blockading Germany's ports, preventing food ships from getting into the country. Frosts destroyed the potatoe crop and most people had to live on turnips instead. The war was starving german civilians.
2. Give two reasons why the war caused such bad conditions for German civilians.
The war caused such bad conditions for German civilians because german ports were blocked by British ships allowing no food to come in. The trench warfare had people living in bad conditions because supply was for the soldiers.
3. After reading Chapter 2, give two reasons why Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on November 10, 1918.
Kaiser Wilhelm could do nothing to control his country, for the army generals refused to support him.
The country was completely under control and was falling apart completely.
4. Using the information you have read in this chapter, give evidence to support the statement that there was "revolution all over Germany."
The country was falling apart which made people not want to pay attention. Kaiser wilhelm had abdicated and there was complete chaos. There were so many people that had no jobs and only could have 1000 calories a day which was not the usual diet. Many were dying and revolution was starting all over germany at this time.
5. Study the information about the German Socialists in Chapter 2, page 5. What did the three Socialist groups have in common?
The Three socialism parties were The Social democratic party, the independent socialists, and the spartacists. All of the parties wanted to improve workers conditions and to give democratic rights. Their methods were very different though.
6. In what ways were the Socialist groups different.
The socialist groups were different in methods because the social democratic party supported the government and tried to make reforms by acts of parliament. The independent socialist methods were to oppose the government and force it to make reforms by organizating strikes. And the Spartacists methods were to overthrow the goverment in a recolution. Councils of workers or societs would then make reforms.
7. After reading Chapter 3 make a time chart of the events of the German Revolution from Nov. 10, 1918 to Jan. 15, 1919. You should be able to find six events.
-December- the social democrats and the spartacist held a demonstration because two groups clashed
-december- before christmas a thougsand hungry and underpaid sailors broke into the ocernment headquarters and held Ebert prisoner at gunpoint, demanding more pay.
-Jan 1919- spartacists in Berlin mounta=ing a machine gun onto the back of a captured lorry
-January 6 1919- the spartacist revolutionJanuary 15- spartacists arrested Rosa Luxemburg and her fellow leader Karl Lievknecht
February 11 1919- the new parliament went to weimar, a town in souther germany, far awya from biolence in berlin, and elected ebert president of the new german republic
8. At what time would you say the Communists had their best chance of seizing power? Explain your answer.
I would say that the Communist had their best chance of seizing power when the Kaiser Wilkhelm had abdicated. The country was falling apart and nobody was in control. Also, when the spartacist, or communist, revolution failed. This would help beause more communist would want to take control,
There were demonstrations because for many people they were about the lack of food. British ships were blockading Germany's ports, preventing food ships from getting into the country. Frosts destroyed the potatoe crop and most people had to live on turnips instead. The war was starving german civilians.
2. Give two reasons why the war caused such bad conditions for German civilians.
The war caused such bad conditions for German civilians because german ports were blocked by British ships allowing no food to come in. The trench warfare had people living in bad conditions because supply was for the soldiers.
3. After reading Chapter 2, give two reasons why Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on November 10, 1918.
Kaiser Wilhelm could do nothing to control his country, for the army generals refused to support him.
The country was completely under control and was falling apart completely.
4. Using the information you have read in this chapter, give evidence to support the statement that there was "revolution all over Germany."
The country was falling apart which made people not want to pay attention. Kaiser wilhelm had abdicated and there was complete chaos. There were so many people that had no jobs and only could have 1000 calories a day which was not the usual diet. Many were dying and revolution was starting all over germany at this time.
5. Study the information about the German Socialists in Chapter 2, page 5. What did the three Socialist groups have in common?
The Three socialism parties were The Social democratic party, the independent socialists, and the spartacists. All of the parties wanted to improve workers conditions and to give democratic rights. Their methods were very different though.
6. In what ways were the Socialist groups different.
The socialist groups were different in methods because the social democratic party supported the government and tried to make reforms by acts of parliament. The independent socialist methods were to oppose the government and force it to make reforms by organizating strikes. And the Spartacists methods were to overthrow the goverment in a recolution. Councils of workers or societs would then make reforms.
7. After reading Chapter 3 make a time chart of the events of the German Revolution from Nov. 10, 1918 to Jan. 15, 1919. You should be able to find six events.
-December- the social democrats and the spartacist held a demonstration because two groups clashed
-december- before christmas a thougsand hungry and underpaid sailors broke into the ocernment headquarters and held Ebert prisoner at gunpoint, demanding more pay.
-Jan 1919- spartacists in Berlin mounta=ing a machine gun onto the back of a captured lorry
-January 6 1919- the spartacist revolutionJanuary 15- spartacists arrested Rosa Luxemburg and her fellow leader Karl Lievknecht
February 11 1919- the new parliament went to weimar, a town in souther germany, far awya from biolence in berlin, and elected ebert president of the new german republic
8. At what time would you say the Communists had their best chance of seizing power? Explain your answer.
I would say that the Communist had their best chance of seizing power when the Kaiser Wilkhelm had abdicated. The country was falling apart and nobody was in control. Also, when the spartacist, or communist, revolution failed. This would help beause more communist would want to take control,
Friday, January 28, 2011
Stalin's Cult of Personality
1. Does the fact that images of Stalin appeared everywhere, as described by Steinbeck in Source 14.8, prove that Stalin attracted genuine adulation?
No, the fact that images of Stalin appeared everywhere does not prove that Stalin attracted genuine adulation because just because Stalin appeared everywhere was supposed to mean that everyone would think that Stalin was watching over them and that they were safe with a great leader. Just because Stalin's pictures were everywhere doesn't mean that people didn't like it. People were scared to say anything because of the purges and they were nervous for their selves so they would rather not care that Stalin's pictures were everywhere.
2. Describe the various devices used to establish and spread the cult of Stalin.
The Stalin cult provided an image of purpose and solidity, giving people confidence and faith that someone could lead them out of their troubles to the good society. They would spread the good word of Stalin through pictures in classrooms, museums, train stations, in parks, libraries, in the class room. There would be songs about Stalin and poems that made the children believe that he was a great man and everybody else as well.
3. Account for the relative success of the cult - why do you think it worked with the Russian people?
I believe that it worked so well with the Russian people because they were very clueless about what was really happening. They saw pictures that they could easily understand and all they heard was good things about Stalin which made them believe that he was a really good man. There was little talk about Stalin because people were scared and so they soon believed that he was a great leader. There was so much advertisement about Stalin and how great of a leader he was that people saw it so much and soon believed it. The pictures were easy for the people to understand and it worked for the Russian people.
4. What conclusions can you reach about whether the adulation Stalin received was genuine? Make notes of your answers.
Service maintains that genuine entusiasm for Stalin was limited until the end of the 1930s when the mass indctrination campaign reached its peak. Such enthusiasm as had been around was then heightened by the grace threat to the soviet union presented by the war. People velieved that stalin was their true guide and the person who cared for them.
No, the fact that images of Stalin appeared everywhere does not prove that Stalin attracted genuine adulation because just because Stalin appeared everywhere was supposed to mean that everyone would think that Stalin was watching over them and that they were safe with a great leader. Just because Stalin's pictures were everywhere doesn't mean that people didn't like it. People were scared to say anything because of the purges and they were nervous for their selves so they would rather not care that Stalin's pictures were everywhere.
2. Describe the various devices used to establish and spread the cult of Stalin.
The Stalin cult provided an image of purpose and solidity, giving people confidence and faith that someone could lead them out of their troubles to the good society. They would spread the good word of Stalin through pictures in classrooms, museums, train stations, in parks, libraries, in the class room. There would be songs about Stalin and poems that made the children believe that he was a great man and everybody else as well.
3. Account for the relative success of the cult - why do you think it worked with the Russian people?
I believe that it worked so well with the Russian people because they were very clueless about what was really happening. They saw pictures that they could easily understand and all they heard was good things about Stalin which made them believe that he was a really good man. There was little talk about Stalin because people were scared and so they soon believed that he was a great leader. There was so much advertisement about Stalin and how great of a leader he was that people saw it so much and soon believed it. The pictures were easy for the people to understand and it worked for the Russian people.
4. What conclusions can you reach about whether the adulation Stalin received was genuine? Make notes of your answers.
Service maintains that genuine entusiasm for Stalin was limited until the end of the 1930s when the mass indctrination campaign reached its peak. Such enthusiasm as had been around was then heightened by the grace threat to the soviet union presented by the war. People velieved that stalin was their true guide and the person who cared for them.
Wednesday, January 26, 2011
Purges, Terror and Show Trials
1.What is the significance of Kirov's murder? (This is what I went over in class.)
The significance of Kirov's murder is that it was not fully understood. There were so many opinions about the murder and nobody really knew what had happened. It was said that Nikolayev was the one who killed Kirov alone because of his journal and nobody questioned Stalin. But, there were many opinions said that Stalin had arranged the murder and the NKVD had followed through. The NKVD had asked Nikolayev to kill Kirov (in addition Kirov was having an affair with Nikolayev's wife) and so he followed through.
2. According to Stalin, who had Nikolayev been working for when he assassinated Kirov? Why is this significant?
Stalin claimed that Kirov's murder was part of a conspiracy against himself and the communist party. He claimed that Nikolayev had acted on orders from a "leningrad Opposition Centre" which had connections with the old Left Opposition, especially Trotsky who, by now, was living in exile in Norway. As a result, Zinoview, Kamenev and seventeen others were arrested and given long prison sentences. The NKVS then went on to arrest other members of the old left opposition.
3. What is a Trotskyite?
Wrecking industry and to helping foreign spies.
4. There are three major "show trials." List them and a brief description of their significance.
Trial of the Sixteen- began in 1936 and involved Zinoviev, Kamenev, and fourteen others. They were accused of involvement in a conspiracy organized by Trosky to overthrow the government.
Trial of the Seventeen- the victims were accused of having links with Trotsky, of setting up terrorist groups, and of wrecking industry. All guilty and thirteen shot.
Trial of the twenty-one- accused confessed to being members of Trotskyist-rightists blow, to wrecking ndustry and to helping foregin spies.
5. During the Great Terror, there were three stages to the purges, staring with members of the Communist party. What were the next two stages and what type of people were purged?
Marchal Tuchachevsk, Russia's most famous general, and several other red armygenerals were arrested and shot. They were accused of sprying for Germany and Japan. The purges quickly came to affect the ordinary citizens of the USSR. Anyone overheard criticizing Stalin was likely to be denounced to the NKVD as a Trotskyite. Neighbours found they could settle old quarrels for good by denouncing eachother. Children were encouraged to denounce their parents. Nobody knew to whom it was safe to talk.
The significance of Kirov's murder is that it was not fully understood. There were so many opinions about the murder and nobody really knew what had happened. It was said that Nikolayev was the one who killed Kirov alone because of his journal and nobody questioned Stalin. But, there were many opinions said that Stalin had arranged the murder and the NKVD had followed through. The NKVD had asked Nikolayev to kill Kirov (in addition Kirov was having an affair with Nikolayev's wife) and so he followed through.
2. According to Stalin, who had Nikolayev been working for when he assassinated Kirov? Why is this significant?
Stalin claimed that Kirov's murder was part of a conspiracy against himself and the communist party. He claimed that Nikolayev had acted on orders from a "leningrad Opposition Centre" which had connections with the old Left Opposition, especially Trotsky who, by now, was living in exile in Norway. As a result, Zinoview, Kamenev and seventeen others were arrested and given long prison sentences. The NKVS then went on to arrest other members of the old left opposition.
3. What is a Trotskyite?
Wrecking industry and to helping foreign spies.
4. There are three major "show trials." List them and a brief description of their significance.
Trial of the Sixteen- began in 1936 and involved Zinoviev, Kamenev, and fourteen others. They were accused of involvement in a conspiracy organized by Trosky to overthrow the government.
Trial of the Seventeen- the victims were accused of having links with Trotsky, of setting up terrorist groups, and of wrecking industry. All guilty and thirteen shot.
Trial of the twenty-one- accused confessed to being members of Trotskyist-rightists blow, to wrecking ndustry and to helping foregin spies.
5. During the Great Terror, there were three stages to the purges, staring with members of the Communist party. What were the next two stages and what type of people were purged?
Marchal Tuchachevsk, Russia's most famous general, and several other red armygenerals were arrested and shot. They were accused of sprying for Germany and Japan. The purges quickly came to affect the ordinary citizens of the USSR. Anyone overheard criticizing Stalin was likely to be denounced to the NKVD as a Trotskyite. Neighbours found they could settle old quarrels for good by denouncing eachother. Children were encouraged to denounce their parents. Nobody knew to whom it was safe to talk.
Monday, January 24, 2011
Kirov Murder Myster
1. In what circumstances did the assassin carry out the murder?
The assassin carried out the murder by killing Kirov and then fainting next to the body. I believe that Nikolayev the assassin had no part in the murder but Stalin had asked the NKVD to murder Kirov and they knocked out Nikolayev next to the body to make it seem like he was in fact the murderer.
2. What strange coincidences surround the murder?
The strange coincidence surrounding the murder was that the assassin had fainted next to the main he had murdered, Kirov. It was very strange that this had accorded and when Stalin asked Kikolayev why he had murdered Kirov he said that Stalin should ask the NKVD that question. This is a strange coincidence surrounding the murder because it was a very confusing time.
3. Is there any evidence to link Stalin to the murder?
Yes there is evidence that links Stalin to the murder. For example Kirov had recieived a great deal of support at the seventeenth party congress and more people had votes for him than for Stalin. Kirov had opposed Stalin over the Ryutin affair and over the pace of industrialisation. This is evidence to link Stalin to the murder because Stalin wanted to get rid of anyone that would be better than him and so it is assumed that Stalin wanted Kirov dead.
4. Is there any evidence to suggest that the NKVD was involved in the murder?
Yes there is evidence to suggest that the NKVD was involved in the murder because prior to the murder, Nikolayev had twice been arrested in Kirov's neighbourhood and released both times on the order of Zaporozhets. It was also alleged that an NKVD man had posed earlier as a friend of Nikolayeva and practiced shooting his revolver with him.
5. Who had the best motive for the murder?
The person who had the best motive for the murder was the NKVD. The NKVD had been involved with Stalin and were on Stalin's side. They would have been the people that set up Nikolayev's murder and blamed on Kirov.
6. What theories can you suggest about who was responsible - was it the assassin alone or were others involved?
No the assassin was not alone. The NKVD had set up Nikolayev and they were the ones who had killed Kirov( in my own opinion) The NVKD were the ones who might have hit Nikolaye and got him out of prison in order to set him up. Stalin didnt want to be the main reason for why this person dies so he might have put it on someone else and paid him for it.
The assassin carried out the murder by killing Kirov and then fainting next to the body. I believe that Nikolayev the assassin had no part in the murder but Stalin had asked the NKVD to murder Kirov and they knocked out Nikolayev next to the body to make it seem like he was in fact the murderer.
2. What strange coincidences surround the murder?
The strange coincidence surrounding the murder was that the assassin had fainted next to the main he had murdered, Kirov. It was very strange that this had accorded and when Stalin asked Kikolayev why he had murdered Kirov he said that Stalin should ask the NKVD that question. This is a strange coincidence surrounding the murder because it was a very confusing time.
3. Is there any evidence to link Stalin to the murder?
Yes there is evidence that links Stalin to the murder. For example Kirov had recieived a great deal of support at the seventeenth party congress and more people had votes for him than for Stalin. Kirov had opposed Stalin over the Ryutin affair and over the pace of industrialisation. This is evidence to link Stalin to the murder because Stalin wanted to get rid of anyone that would be better than him and so it is assumed that Stalin wanted Kirov dead.
4. Is there any evidence to suggest that the NKVD was involved in the murder?
Yes there is evidence to suggest that the NKVD was involved in the murder because prior to the murder, Nikolayev had twice been arrested in Kirov's neighbourhood and released both times on the order of Zaporozhets. It was also alleged that an NKVD man had posed earlier as a friend of Nikolayeva and practiced shooting his revolver with him.
5. Who had the best motive for the murder?
The person who had the best motive for the murder was the NKVD. The NKVD had been involved with Stalin and were on Stalin's side. They would have been the people that set up Nikolayev's murder and blamed on Kirov.
6. What theories can you suggest about who was responsible - was it the assassin alone or were others involved?
No the assassin was not alone. The NKVD had set up Nikolayev and they were the ones who had killed Kirov( in my own opinion) The NVKD were the ones who might have hit Nikolaye and got him out of prison in order to set him up. Stalin didnt want to be the main reason for why this person dies so he might have put it on someone else and paid him for it.
Monday, January 3, 2011
Gulags and the Purges
The Gulag System
1. What type of construction projects were built using the Gulag system?
The first major work project organized by the Gulag was a 500 kilometre canal from the White Sea to the Baltic Sea.
2. What were the conditions of the work camps?
The conditions of the work camps were brutal. The zeks had to work by hand and had no machinery. They were poorly paid and got in trouble if they were late to work. The living conditions were worse if you did not work as hard and food was also very limited to the workers.
3. Why do you think slave labor was used in the projects rather than paid laborers?
I believe that slave labor was used in the projects rather than paid laborers because they did not need to be paid well. Yes, they were paid but not as much as paid laborers would have to be paid. Slave labor was probably used more because they needed a job to feed their families and get money and a job that paid little would help them. It was a easy way out for the Gulag system and they took advantage of it.
Purges, Show Trails and Terror
4. What were the issues surrounding Kirov's murder? Why do you think he had been murdered?
The issues surrounding Kirov's murder was that it was very sudden and there was a lot of confusion right before he died. I believe that Stalin wanted him dead and asked Nikolayev to kill him because Kirov was just as popular as Stalin and he was actually Russian. He was being applauded just as much as Stalin and Stalin didn't want any opponents so he asked Nikolayev to kill Kirov.
5. What was the Great Purge? What specific group did it target?
The Great Purge was when the party expelled members who were unreliable. The specific group that the Great Purge targeted was the ones who once agreed with Trotsky or Zinovev.
6. What was the purpose of the Show Trials?
The purpose of the Show Trials were when the most important party members were arrested by the NKVD and were given public trials to which the press had been invited.
7. What was the Great Terror?
The great terror was when people were accused of spying and either shot or brough back to the show trials. People were ecouraged to tell on their bosses, parents, teachers etc. If anyone over heard anyone talking bad about stalin they were required to tell the secret police
1. What type of construction projects were built using the Gulag system?
The first major work project organized by the Gulag was a 500 kilometre canal from the White Sea to the Baltic Sea.
2. What were the conditions of the work camps?
The conditions of the work camps were brutal. The zeks had to work by hand and had no machinery. They were poorly paid and got in trouble if they were late to work. The living conditions were worse if you did not work as hard and food was also very limited to the workers.
3. Why do you think slave labor was used in the projects rather than paid laborers?
I believe that slave labor was used in the projects rather than paid laborers because they did not need to be paid well. Yes, they were paid but not as much as paid laborers would have to be paid. Slave labor was probably used more because they needed a job to feed their families and get money and a job that paid little would help them. It was a easy way out for the Gulag system and they took advantage of it.
Purges, Show Trails and Terror
4. What were the issues surrounding Kirov's murder? Why do you think he had been murdered?
The issues surrounding Kirov's murder was that it was very sudden and there was a lot of confusion right before he died. I believe that Stalin wanted him dead and asked Nikolayev to kill him because Kirov was just as popular as Stalin and he was actually Russian. He was being applauded just as much as Stalin and Stalin didn't want any opponents so he asked Nikolayev to kill Kirov.
5. What was the Great Purge? What specific group did it target?
The Great Purge was when the party expelled members who were unreliable. The specific group that the Great Purge targeted was the ones who once agreed with Trotsky or Zinovev.
6. What was the purpose of the Show Trials?
The purpose of the Show Trials were when the most important party members were arrested by the NKVD and were given public trials to which the press had been invited.
7. What was the Great Terror?
The great terror was when people were accused of spying and either shot or brough back to the show trials. People were ecouraged to tell on their bosses, parents, teachers etc. If anyone over heard anyone talking bad about stalin they were required to tell the secret police
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)